Does England Have More Christians Churches Than Muslims Mosques

More than 80 countries favor a specific religion, either as an official, government-endorsed religion or by affording one religion preferential treatment over other faiths, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of data covering 199 countries and territories around the world.Islam is the most common government-endorsed faith, with 27 countries (including most in the Middle East-North Africa region) officially enshrining Islam as their state religion. By comparison, just 13 countries (including nine European nations) designate Christianity or a particular Christian denomination as their state religion.But an additional 40 governments around the globe unofficially favor a particular religion, and in most cases the preferred faith is a branch of Christianity. Indeed, Christian churches receive preferential treatment in more countries – 28 – than any other unofficial but favored faith.In some cases, state religions have roles that are largely ceremonial. But often the distinction comes with tangible advantages in terms of legal or tax status, ownership of real estate or other property, and access to financial support from the state.

Apr 19, 2016  The Muslim Imam assisting with this booklet is a supporter of the terrorist group Hamas, believes Sha’ria law should be the law in U.S. Areas where Muslims are the majority, heads one of two mosques where Somali youth have left to fight for a terrorist organization, and was refused government security clearance.

Gmod installing legacy addons. In addition, countries with state-endorsed (or “established”) faiths tend to more severely regulate religious practice, including placing restrictions or bans on minority religious groups.In 10 countries, the state either tightly regulates all religious institutions or is actively hostile to religion in general. These countries include China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam and several former Soviet republics – places where government officials seek to control worship practices, public expressions of religion and political activity by religious groups.Most governments around the globe, however, are generally neutral toward religion.

More than 100 countries and territories included in the study have no official or preferred religion as of 2015. These include countries like the United States that may give benefits or privileges to religious groups, but generally do so without systematically favoring a specific group over others.These are among the key findings of a new Pew Research Center analysis of country constitutions and basic laws as well as secondary sources from governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Research on this topic was conducted in tandem with the annual coding process for the Center’s study of global restrictions on religion (for details on this process, see the Methodology section of “”).

Coders analyzed each country’s constitution or basic laws, along with its official policies and actions toward religious groups, to classify its church-state relationship into one of four categories:. States with an official religion confer official status on a particular religion in their constitution or basic law. These states do not necessarily provide benefits to that religious group over others.

But, in most cases, they do favor the state religion in some way. States with a preferred or favored religion have government policies or actions that clearly favor one (or in some cases, more than one) religion over others, typically with legal, financial or other kinds of practical benefits. These countries may or may not mention the favored religion in their constitution or laws; if they do, it is often as the country’s “traditional” or “historical” religion (but not as the official state religion). Some of these countries also call for freedom of religion in their constitutions – though, in practice, they do not treat all religions equally. States with no official or preferred religion seek to avoid giving tangible benefits to one religious group over others (although they may evenhandedly provide benefits to many religious groups). For example, the U.S. Government gives tax exemptions to religious organizations under rules that apply equally to all denominations.

Many countries in this category have constitutional language calling for freedom of religion, although that language alone is not enough to include a country in this group; coders must determine that these countries do not systematically favor one or more religions over others. States with a hostile relationship toward religion exert a very high level of control over religious institutions in their countries or actively take a combative position toward religion in general. Some of these countries may have constitutions that proclaim freedom of religion, or leaders who describe themselves as adherents of a particular religion, such as Islam. Nonetheless, their governments seek to tightly restrict the legal status, funding, clergy and political activity of religious groups.This research is part of a broader effort to understand restrictions on religion around the world. For the past eight years, Pew Research Center has published analyzing the extent to which governments and societies around the world impinge on religious beliefs and practices. The studies are part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. The project is jointly funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation.The rest of this report looks in more detail at countries with official state religions or preferred religions, as well as those with no preferred religion and those that are highly restrictive or hostile toward religion.

It also explores the implications of these categories. © PEW RESEARCH CENTEROf the five regions examined in this study, Europe has the highest share of countries (30%) with a preferred or favored religion.

All of these countries have Christianity as the favored religion. In Georgia, for example, the constitution reads: “The State shall declare absolute freedom of belief and religion. At the same time, the State shall recognize the outstanding role of the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia in the history of Georgia and its independence from the State.”In addition to recognition in the constitution, the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC) and the state have a concordat, or constitutional agreement, that governs relations between them. The state does not have a concordat with any other religious group. Through the concordat, the GOC has rights not afforded to other religious groups, including legal immunity for the GOC patriarch and exemption from military service for GOC clergy. And unlike other religious organizations, the GOC is not required to pay a tax on profits from the sale of religious products, value-added taxes on religious imports, or taxes on activities related to the construction, restoration and painting of religious buildings.Nine countries in Europe (20%) have an official state religion as of 2015.

These include Catholicism in the small states of Liechtenstein, Malta and Monaco; Lutheranism in Denmark, Iceland and Norway; Anglicanism in the United Kingdom; and Orthodox Christianity in Greece and Armenia. Altogether, Europe and the Middle East-North Africa region contain 42 countries with either official (26) or preferred (16) religions – together they make up roughly half of all the countries in the world in these categories combined.Meanwhile, three-quarters of countries in sub-Saharan Africa (75%) have no official or favored state religion, the highest share of any region. Seven sub-Saharan countries (15%) have a favored religion, while five (10%) have an official state religion: Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia and Zambia.

Zambia is the only one of the five that declares Christianity to be its state religion; the other four are officially Islamic. The constitution of Djibouti, for example, names Islam as “the Religion of the State,” and all other religious groups are required to register with the Ministry of Interior, which requires a lengthy background investigation of each group.In the Asia-Pacific region, 10 countries (20%) have an official state religion, and nine countries (18%) have a preferred or favored religion.

While 44% of Asia-Pacific countries have no official or favored religion, the region has the highest share of countries (18%) with a hostile relationship with religion. Tajikistan’s constitution, for example, does not recognize a state religion and allows individuals to adhere to any religion. In practice, however, the government keeps tight control over religious institutions. It restricts Muslim prayer to certain locations, regulates mosques and bars children (those under 18) from participating in public religious activities. Imams must be approved by the Committee on Religious Affairs, and the content of their sermons is controlled. The government also reportedly has surveillance cameras at mosques, and donations to mosques by individuals are banned.One country in the Americas, Cuba, has a heavily restrictive relationship with religion.

But roughly seven-in-ten countries in the region (69%) have no official or favored religion. Eight countries in the Americas (23%) have a favored religion, while two – Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic – have Catholicism as the official state religion. Having an official religion often translates to practical benefitsIn a few cases, a country’s official religion is primarily a legacy of its history and now involves few, if any, privileges conferred by the state. And a few other countries fall at the other end of the spectrum, making their official religion mandatory for all citizens.Much more frequently, however, states with official religions do not make the religion mandatory, but do give it more benefits than other religions, and those states typically regulate other religious groups in the country. More than half (53%) of the 43 countries with official religions meet these criteria. These countries still provide “freedom of religion” on some level – they allow worship by members of other religions, though they give the official religion more benefits or make benefits more readily available to it.Most of the countries with official religions in the Middle East-North Africa region (59%) have this type of arrangement. In Jordan, for example, Islam is the state religion, and converts from Islam to Christianity were occasionally questioned and scrutinized by security forces in 2015.

Non-Muslim religious groups must register to be able to own land and administer rites such as marriage. They are tax exempt, but do not receive subsidies. In contrast, the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs manages Islamic institutions, subsidizes certain mosque-sponsored activities, pays mosque staff salaries and manages clergy training centers.In addition, among countries with official religions, three-in-ten (30%) give more benefits to the state religion while also creating an especially harsh environment for other religions (beyond basic regulation of those groups). In these countries, adherence to the official religion is not mandatory, but other religions are not given the same benefits and their activities are sometimes heavily restricted by the government. Most of these countries are in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East-North Africa regions.In the Islamic Republic of Iran, for instance, all laws and regulations must be based on “Islamic criteria” and the official interpretation of sharia. Christians, Zoroastrians and Jews are the only recognized religious minority groups, as well as the only non-Muslim groups allowed to worship as long as they do not proselytize. Public religious expression, persuasion or conversion by these groups is punishable by death.

Non-recognized religious groups, like Baha’i, are not free to practice their religion, and even the recognized groups’ activities are closely monitored.In a small minority of countries, the official religion is largely ceremonial or it receives some benefits along with its official status. Other religions in the country, however, may be given similar benefits. Among the 43 countries with official state religions, only three – all in Europe – meet these criteria: Liechtenstein, Malta and Monaco.Monaco, for example, designates Roman Catholicism as the state religion in its constitution: “The Catholic, Apostolic and Roman religion is the religion of the State.” Catholic religious instruction is available in schools, but requires parental consent. And while Catholic rituals play a part in some state ceremonies, the law also designates that no one may be compelled to participate in the rites or ceremonies of any religion or to observe its days of rest.There also are four states with an official religion – in each case, Islam – that make adhering to that religion mandatory for their citizens: Comoros, Maldives, Mauritania and Saudi Arabia.Saudi Arabia’s basic law designates Islam as the official religion, and conversion from Islam is grounds for charges of apostasy – legally punishable by death. The basic law requires all citizens to be Muslim, and public worship of non-Muslim faiths is prohibited. While non-Muslims are allowed to worship in private, the government does not always respect this right and has raided such meetings of non-Muslims and detained or deported participants.

Most states fund activities of official religionThere also usually are financial benefits for official state religions. Among the 43 countries with an official religion, 98% provide funding or resources for educational programs, property or other religious activities.More than eight-in-ten countries (86%) provide funding or resources specifically for religious education programs or religious schools that disproportionately benefit the official religion. In Comoros, where the official state religion is Islam, the government funds an Islamic studies program, the Faculty of Arabic and Islamic Science, within the country’s only public university. Meanwhile, 12% of countries with an official religion provide this type of funding or resources for other religions as well.

And only one country with an official religion – Tuvalu – provides no significant funding or resources for religious education programs or religious schools.In many cases, governments also provide funding or resources for religious property, including for the maintenance, upkeep or repair of religious buildings or land. About half of countries with an official religion (51%) provide funding or resources for religious property that disproportionately benefits the official or preferred religion. In Bahrain, for example, Islam is the official religion, and the government funds all licensed mosques.Governments may also provide funding or resources for religious activities unrelated to education or property. These activities include – but are not necessarily limited to – providing media services, supporting worship or religious practices, or paying religious leaders’ wages.Fully seven-in-ten (70%) countries with an official state religion provide funding or resources for these types of religious activities, primarily for the official religion.

For example, in Norway, the Church of Norway was the official state religion and the government provided the salaries, benefits and pension plans of all church employees in 2015. Financial benefits in countries with preferred religionsBy definition, all countries with preferred or favored religions (but not official state religions) provide some practical benefits to those religions (see ). But when it comes to one of the most common kinds of benefits – states providing funding or resources to religious groups – there are wide variations in what governments provide and how they provide it.Over half of countries with preferred religions (58%) provide funds or resources for religious education programs that mostly benefit the preferred religion. For example, in Turkey, where Islam is categorized as a preferred but not official religion, the government has assigned tens of thousands of students to state-run religious schools known as “imam hatip” schools, while limiting the number of students who can be admitted to public secondary schools. From 2003 to 2015, the number of students in the imam hatip schools rose from 63,000 to about 1 million, and some secular parents have voiced concern that this amounts to heavy-handed government support of religion through education.About a third of countries with preferred religions (28%) provide state funding or resources for religious education programs not only for the favored religion but also for other religious groups. And 15% do not provide significant funding or resources for any religious education programs.Fully one-third of countries with favored religions (33%) provide funding or resources for religious buildings or property in a way that disproportionately benefits the favored religion. In Burma (Myanmar), for example, Buddhism is the unofficial, favored religion, and non-Buddhist religious groups reported difficulty repairing religious buildings and building new facilities.

At the same time, a quarter of countries (25%) with a preferred religion also provide funding or resources for building or maintaining property belonging to other religious groups as well. Guatemala is one of these countries; the government provides tax exemptions for properties of all registered religious groups, while Catholicism is favored by the government in other ways.Most countries with a preferred or favored religion also provide funding or resources for religious activities unrelated to education or property, with 45% providing support predominantly for the favored religion and 48% providing support for other groups as well.

In Liberia, for instance, the government has provided tax exemptions and duty-free privileges to registered organizations, including missionary programs, religious charities and religious groups. This benefit was offered to all registered groups, and was not limited to Christians, the favored religion in Liberia.

Central and Eastern Europeans in countries with official or preferred religions are more likely to support church-state linksIn Central and Eastern Europe, the relationship between church and state in a country is often reflected in public opinion on the topic. This analysis includes the 198 countries and territories typically studied in Pew Research Center’s annual reports on global restrictions on religion, plus North Korea. Although North Korea is not included in the annual reports because of the difficulty of obtaining reliable, up-to-date information on events inside its borders, information on its overall policy toward religion is readily available. For more detail on why North Korea often has been excluded from other analyses, see the Methodology section of Pew Research Center’s April 2017 report, “.”. While these countries may not legally recognize a religion as the state religion or give benefits to one group over others, they may restrict religion in other ways. To examine these actions, Pew Research Center conducts a separate, broader, analysis of government restrictions on religion each year.

For the latest report, see “.”. Constitute. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Constitute. Department of State.

“.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S.

Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Constitute. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Israel’s basic law defines the country as a “Jewish and democratic state.” Although “Jewish” could be interpreted in this context as referring to religion, ethnicity or both, Israel is coded as having an official religion in part because the Israeli government gives legal authority to the chief rabbinate and provides special benefits to Judaism, such as support for religious study.

U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Two of these countries – Lithuania and Serbia – also include Judaism and Islam as “traditional” or favored religions.

Constitute. Department of State. “Georgia.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. A constitutional amendment in 2012 began the process of separating the Church of Norway from the state, although the provisions of the amendment did not formally take effect until Jan. The amended refers to the church as the “Established Church of Norway” and continues to stipulate that the king must be of the Evangelical-Lutheran faith. The state continued to provide financial support for the church and paid the salaries of church staff until Jan. The data in this report are based on state religions in 2015, and therefore include the Church of Norway as an official state religion.

See Hofverberg, Elin. “.” The Law Library of Congress. Constitute. “.” Also see U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Constitute.

Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Constitute.

Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Constitute. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Constitute. Department of State.

“.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015.

U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State.

“.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State.

“.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Among these countries, Lithuania and Serbia both have multiple preferred religions, including various Christian denominations. In Bosnia, respondents were asked about public funding for regional churches; results are not analyzed here because the question was not directly comparable to what was asked in other countries.

Lithuania and Serbia have multiple preferred faiths, however, the dominant faiths in these countries are Catholicism and Orthodoxy, respectively. The Government Restrictions Index is typically comprised of 20 indicators. One of these indicators focuses on whether the government favors a specific religion, including whether it gives funds or other benefits to the religion. Since this is highly correlated with whether the state has an official or favored religion, the index was recalculated without this indicator for the purposes of this analysis.

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The scores for the remaining 19 items were added and divided by 1.9 to result in a new overall GRI score between 0 and 10, with 10 indicating the highest level of government restriction on religion. This analysis does not include the last category of state-religion relationships: states with no official or preferred religion that are hostile toward religious institutions. This is because the elements that help classify a country in this category are based on elements in the GRI. In other words, states with these state-religion relationships will, by definition, always score highly on the GRI; it is an endogenous relationship.

At the same time, other countries may have an official or preferred religion for reasons completely separate from the GRI indicators. Data for population sizes in 2015 from UN population estimates. See United Nations Population Division.

June 17, 2013. “.” UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Data on democracy levels come from the Polity IV Project; see The Polity Project. “.” Center for Systemic Peace.

Data for social hostilities come from original Pew Research Center analyses. This includes banning a group for non-security reasons, or banning a group for both security and non-security reasons. It does not include banning only for security reasons (even though there may be some situations where states use security reasons as justification for banning a group when there may be other motives, including religious or political ones). Jamaica maintains a ban on Obeah, an Afro-Caribbean shamanistic religion, although it is not actively enforced. U.S. Department of State.

“.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015. Again, this analysis does not include countries with no official or preferred religion that are hostile to religious groups, since interference with the worship of religious groups factors into the classification of these countries as “hostile.”. U.S. Department of State. “.” International Religious Freedom Report for 2015.

Contents.Statistics The 2001 and 2011 censuses did not include on adherence to individual Christian denominations, since they were asked only in the Scottish and Northern Ireland censuses and not in England and Wales. However using the same principle as applied in the 2001 census, a survey carried out in the end of 2008 by and based on a scientifically robust sample, found the population of England and Wales to be 47.0% affiliated with the, which is also the, 9.6% with the and 8.7% were other Christians, mainly. 4.8% were Muslim, 3.4% were members of other religions, 5.3% were Agnostics, 6.8% were Atheists and 15.0% were not sure about their religious affiliation or refused to answer to the question. Religion20012011Number%Number%35,251,24471.731,479,87659.41,524,8873.12,660,1165.0546,9821.1806,1991.5327,3430.7420,1960.8257,6710.5261,2820.5139,0460.3238,6260.5Other religion143,8110.3227,8250.47,171,33214.613,114,23224.7Religion not stated3,776,5157.73,804,1047.2Total population49,138,831100.053,012,456100.0. Main article:The of the realm is the, whose is although in practice the is governed by its bishops under the authority of. Twenty-six of the church's 42 bishops are, representing the church in the.

The dioceses of England are divided between the of and, both of whose archbishops are considered. The church regards itself as the continuation of the Catholic church introduced by 's 6th-century to, although this is disputed owing to procedural and doctrinal changes introduced by the 16th-century, particularly the and the. In 2010, the Church of England counted 25 million baptised members out of the 41 million Christians in Great Britain's population of about 60 million; around the same time, it also claimed to baptise one in eight newborn children.

Generally, anyone in England may marry or be buried at their local, whether or not they have been baptised in the church. Actual attendance has declined steadily since 1890, with around one million, or 10% of the baptised population attending Sunday services on a regular basis (defined as once a month or more) and three million- roughly 15%- joining Christmas Eve and Christmas services. It has around 18 000 active and ordained clergy.The is another Anglican denomination which separated from the Church of England in the 19th century in opposition to shifts in doctrine and ceremony that brought the established church closer to Roman Catholicism. The Free Church of England is in communion with the in the and.Catholicism. The is directed by its, whose current president—the —considers himself the continuation of the see at Canterbury.

The Catholic Church is forbidden from using the names of the Anglican dioceses by the 1851. It is divided among headed by the archbishops of Westminster, and in England and in Wales. The Catholic Church considers itself a continuation of the earliest communities, although its formal hierarchy needed to be refounded by the to the in the 6th and 7th centuries and again following the. Recognition of as the legitimate ruler of Great Britain in 1766 opened the way for the, easing and ultimately eliminating the.

This process sometimes faced great popular opposition, as during the 1780 in London. Was the first Catholic. The influx of large numbers of Irish Catholics during the of the 1840s and '50s permitted the 1850 to formally reconstitute the dormant dioceses of the Catholic church in Britain. More recently, the has been permitted to marry Roman Catholics without fear of being disqualified from succession to the throne.

Recent immigration from Catholic countries, particularly and, has increased the church's numbers still more. Polling in 2009 suggested there were about 5.2 million Catholics in England and Wales, about 9.6% of the population, concentrated in the. Some studies show that weekly attendance at Catholic masses now exceeds that of the Anglican services. Other No other church in England has more than a million members, with most quite small. A church in,.churches are growing and, in terms of church attendance, are now third after the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church. There are three main denominations of Pentecostal churches: the (part of the ), the, and the. Is a small society of churches, founded in 1783, which today has 23 congregations in England.

There is also a growing number of independent, that encourage Pentecostal practices at part of their worship, such as in, which started with 9 people in 1988 and now has a congregation in excess of 1,500.Various forms of Protestantism developed from the ferment of the onwards. The (formally, the Religious Society of Friends) were founded by in the 1640s.

Following the of 1662, about a tenth of Church of England ministers gave up their livings, and many of them contributed to various forms of which evolved via into, among others, which still has more than 100 congregations in the 21st century. Developed from the 18th century onwards. The Methodist revival was started in England by a group of men including and his younger brother as a movement within the Church of England, but developed as a separate denomination after John Wesley's death. The primary church in England is the. The dates back to 1865, when it was founded in East London. Its international headquarters are still in London, near St Paul's Cathedral.

There is one congregation in England, the Mennonite Church in London. The Cathedral of the Dormition of the Most-Holy Mother of God and the Holy Royal Martyrs in.Most parishes fall under the jurisdiction of the, based in London and led by Gregorios, the. Created in 1932, it is the diocese of the that covers England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland as well as Malta.

A Greek Orthodox community already existed at the time the UK was formed, worshipping in the Imperial Russian Embassy in London. However, it was another 130 years until an autonomous community was set up in Finsbury Park in London, in 1837. The first new church was built in 1850, on London Street in the City. In 1882, St Sophia Cathedral was constructed in London, in order to cope with the growing influx of Orthodox immigrants. By the outbreak of, there were large Orthodox communities in London, and Liverpool, each focused on its own church. And its aftermath also saw a large expansion among the Orthodox Communities.

Today, there are as well as in (the ). In addition to these, there are eighty-one churches and other places where worship is regularly offered, twenty-five places (including university chaplaincies) where the divine liturgy is celebrated on a less regular basis, four chapels (including that of the Archdiocese), and two monasteries. As is traditional within the Orthodox Church, the bishops have a considerable degree of within the Archdiocese. The in, Liverpool, was built in 1870. It is an enlarged version of 's church in and is a Grade II.There are various groups in England.

In 1962, founded and was for many years the bishop, archbishop and then of the diocese of the, the Moscow Patriarchate's diocese for Great Britain and Ireland. It is the most numerous Russian Orthodox group in the country.

There are also the churches as well as some churches and communities belonging to the 's.As well as the Russian and Greek Orthodox churches, there are also the and the all in London as well as a non-canonical in Manchester. The have the in London and a number of parishes across England.All parishes fall under the jurisdiction of the. The is divided into three main districts: Ireland, Scotland, and; the and its affiliated areas;.

In addition, there is one Patriarchal Exarchate at,. Most British converts belong to the, which is canonically part of the Coptic Orthodox Church. There is also the and the in London. There is also the in London.Islam. Was one of the first mosques in England to be allowed to broadcast the using loudspeakers.According to the 2011 Census, 2.7 million Muslims live in England where they form 5.0% of the population.Although is generally thought of as being a recent arrival to the country, there has been contact with Muslims for many centuries. One example is the decision of, the eighth-century King of (one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms existing at that time), to have coins minted with an Islamic inscription on them—copies of coins issued by the near-contemporary Muslim ruler. It is thought that they were minted to facilitate trade with the expanding in.Muslim scholarship was well known among the learned in England by 1386, when was writing.

In the Prologue to the, there is among the pilgrims wending their way to Canterbury, a 'Doctour of Phisyk' whose learning included, (Ibn Sina, ابن سينا) and (Ibn Rushd, Arabic ابن رشد). Ibn Sina's canon of medicine was a standard text for medical students well into the 17th century.Today Islam is the second largest religion in England. About 38% of English Muslims live in, where they make up 12.4% of the population.

There are also large numbers of Muslims in, and the of Northern England.Notable mosques include the, and and the of the, which acts as its national headquarters.Judaism. Is the largest in England.Early Hindus in England were mostly students during the 19th century.

There have been three waves of migration of Hindus to England since then.Before in 1947, Hindu migration was minuscule and largely temporary. The second wave of Hindu migration occurred in the 1970s after the expulsion of Hindus from. Initially, Hindu immigration was limited to and Gujarati Hindus, but, by 2000, small Hindu communities of every ethnicity could be found in England. England is also host to a large immigrant community of Hindus who are mostly. The last wave of migration of Hindus has been taking place since the 1990s with refugees from Sri Lanka and professionals from India.However, there is becoming an increasing number of English Western Hindus in England, who have either converted from another faith or been an English Hindu from birth.According to United Kingdom's Office of National Statistics 2011, of all ethnic minorities in Britain, the British Hindus had the highest rate of economic activity. Hindus also have the least prison population (less than 0.5% of the total Prison population in Britain) compared to 48% for Christians and 15% for Muslims.Sikhism.

Further information:The first Sikh (temple) was not established until 1911, at Putney in London.The first Sikh migration came in the 1950s. It was mostly of men from the Punjab seeking work in industries like foundries and textiles. These new arrivals mostly settled in, Birmingham and West Yorkshire.

Thousands of Sikhs from East Africa soon followed. This mass immigration was caused by 's persecution of ethnic groups in Uganda, with thousands forced to flee the region in fear of losing their lives. Buddhism. Further information:The earliest Buddhist influence on England came through the UK's imperial connections with, and as a result the early connections were with the traditions of,. The tradition of study resulted in the foundation of the, which undertook the task of translating the of Buddhist texts into English.In 1924 London's was founded, and in 1926 the Theravadin. The rate of growth was slow but steady through the century, and the 1950s saw the development of interest in.Neopaganism. Statue of, a Celtic goddess adopted by the RomansThese faiths, all of which are considered to be, have all been predominant in the regions that later made up England, though were all made through.

Gallo-Roman religion formed when the invaded and occupied the. Elements of the native Brythonic such as the, the Celtic priestly caste who were believed to originate in Britain, were outlawed by Claudius, and in 61 they vainly defended their sacred groves from destruction by the Romans on the island of Mona. However, under Roman rule the Britons continued to worship native Celtic deities, such as, but often conflated with their Roman equivalents, like Mars Rigonemetos at.

The founding of a temple to Claudius at Camulodunum was one of the impositions that led to the revolt of Boudica.Eastern cults such as also grew in popularity towards the end of the occupation. The is one example of the popularity of among the rich urban classes.Germanic paganism In the, immigrants from the European continent arrived, bringing, a subset of, with them. Later, after most of the Anglo-Saxon peoples had converted to, from arrived, bringing with them.Notable places of worship The varied religious and ethnic history of England has left a wide range of religious buildings—,. Besides its spiritual importance, the religious architecture includes buildings of importance to the tourism industry and local pride. As a result of the Reformation, the ancient cathedrals remained in the possession of the then-established churches, while most Roman Catholic churches date from Victorian times or are of more recent construction (in Liverpool the ultra-modern was actually completed before the more traditional, whose construction took most of the twentieth century). Notable places of worship include.